Bokashi – 10 lucruri important de știut. De ce trebuie să fie în orice casă?


Bokashi-SeedItForward
Bokashi este o formă de fermentare anaerobă folosită pentru pre-compostarea resturilor alimentare, care sunt ulterior compostate complet și foarte repede pîna la obținerea solului bogat în nutrienți – humus.
În general bokashi înlatură mirosurile urîte și permite compostarea unei varietăți mai largi de resturi alimentare decît în cazul compostării obișnuite. Permite adăugarea oaselor mici, cantități mici de carne, uleiuri și mîncare gătită care altfel ar atrage șobolani și muști la grămadă de compost.
Procesul bokashi de bază constă în colectarea deșeurilor alimentare într-un container ermetic și adăugarea substratului inoculat cu microorganizme benefice. Acest substrat – „bokashi bran” sau tărîțe bokashi se vinde sau se poate prepăra acasă. Ca substrat poate fi orice material bogat în carbon, cum sunt tărîțele, rumeguș de lemn, hîrtie… care au fost infuzate cu bacterii și sursa de zăharuri.
Microorganizmele reprezintă un amestec comercializat de bacterii lacto-acide, drojdii și bacterii non-sulfurice purpurii EM-1. Însa este perfect posibil de a prepara substrat fără folosirea bacteriilor comerciale, aceste variații vor avea constituenți mai puțin cerți, numiți în general bacterii lacto-acide pentru ca acestea vor predomina.
Se pot găsi în vînzare găleți speciale Bokashi, care se deosebesc prin închidere ermetică, totodată avînd un fund dublu și un robinet mic pentru scurgerea surplusului de lichid – „suc sau ceai bocashi” ce poate fi diluat și folosit ca îngrăsămînt lichid. Este posibil de construit un sistem asemănător acasă, folosind 2 găleți de ~ 15 litri pentru a crea fund dublu, și a adăuga un robinet mic.
Odata ce căldarea se umple este lăsată 2 săptămîni sau mai mult pentru fermentare. Cînd procesul a decurs corect și suficient timp, conținutul va avea un miros de oțet sau drojdii și poate avea o peliculă bacterială la suprafață.
În final, resturile fermentate se transformă în sol fertil prin mai multe metode:
1. Se sapă o groapă acolo unde se planifică plantarea unor plante, se adăugă resturile fermentate în amestec cu sol. Peste 2-3 săptamîni se poate planta în solul astfel preparat.
2. Se poate adăuga direct la grămadă de compostare sau cîte puțin la viermicompost.
3. Se poate amesteca 1:1 cu sol obișnuit și lăsat într-un container închis, nu neapărat ermetic. În cîteva săptamîni se obține sol foarte prețios pentru plante de cameră și grădină.
Compostul Bokashi nu atrage insecte, șobolani și înlatură majoritatea patogenilor datorită aciditatii înalte (pH 3.5 – 4.5) în timpul procesului de fermentare.
Bokashi nu produce gaze de seră. Compostarea obișnuită produce CO2, iar dacă procesul devine anaerob se produce metan – la fel de dăunător în atmosferă. În procesul fermentării bokashi însă nu se produce căldură și CO2, iar bacteriile anaerobe producătoare de metan nu supraviețuiesc în mediu acid.
Procesul este foarte eficient - fermentarea decurge repede (1-2 săptămîni), iar odată îngropat (sau amestecat cu sol) materialul fermentat aproape complet devine sol în doar 2 săptămîni.

Utilizarea Serului Lactic (lactobacillus)

Utilizarea Serului Lactic (lactobacillus)


Daca tot am posibilitatea sa verific existenta bacteriilor lactice in preparate, dupa cateva cercetari vin cu o schimbare.
In frigider am observat ca aceste bacterii ” dispar” si, cum vreau sa obtin o cultura buna de lactice, am sa folosesc metoda cu zaharul, deoarece bacteriile lactice “se hranesc” cu el( si nu numai, dar el imi este cel mai la indemana). Deci voi pune zahar parte pe parte in serul initial si il voi pastra la temperatura camerei. Bine ca cercetez in continuare si luni, mai pun o astfel de proba la microscop sa vad daca este OK. Revin.
Cum utilizam serul lactic:
In postarea despre starter (serul lactocacillus), am invatat sa il facem si sper ca va fi ajutorul meu de nadejde in lupta impotriva bolilor ( in special mana), utilizandu-l in preventie.
ate
Serul initial il ” conservam” as spune, sau mai bine zis il tinem in viata ca si cultura de bacterii lactice cu zahar, parte pe parte si il tinem la temperatura camerei. Din acesta ne preparam solutia de lucru.Din serul  lacto initial pe care l-am preparat, se face solutia de lucru:
– 1 parte ser concentrat / 20 parti apa (neclorinata)
mai simplu, intr-o sticla de 500 apa, se pun 2 linguri de ser.

Din aceasta solutie se prepara celelalte solutii :))
1 lingura/ 1 litru apa, pentru plante, pulverizare foliara si pe sol
2 linguri /1 litru apa, pentru pulverizarea gramezii de compost
1 lingura/ litru, in galeata cu solutia de apa si ingrasamant organic, serul se pune inainte cu cateva ore, deobicei seara, inainte de ziua utilizarii continutului.
2 -3 linguri/litru apa pentru desfundarea si eliminarea mirosurilor urate din chiuvete, canalizari, incaperi animale
– probabil il voi folosi si pentru iaurt, dar despre cat de benefice sunt bacteriile lactice, voi vorbi intr-un alt articol :))
Ziarul Bokashi care se utilizeaza pentru compostarea Bokashi (intr-un articol viitor)
– 1 parte solutie de utilizat + 6 parti apa +1/3 parte zahar,
– se amesteca, se pune intr-o tava in care se pun la inmoi ziare, hartii..
Cand acestea s-au inmuiat bine, le trecem intr-un punga cu inchidere ziplock, scoatem aerul cat putem si le lasam la intruneric 10 zile, pentru o inoculare buna a ziarelor.
Dupa 10 zile, le scoatem, le uscam si le folosim ca inocule de bacterii lactice in compostul Bokashi.
In urmatorul articol voi forma o galeata cu compost, utilizand aceste ziare :))))
Gradinariti cu dragoste!

How to Make Bokashi



Bokashi – The Fermentation of Organic Wastes

For quite some time I’ve been meaning to learn more about the topic of bokashi. It seemed to be an interesting waste management method that quite a few people were talking about, and given my interest in various types of composting it only made good sense for me to see what all the fuss was about.
This past winter (2008) I finally stopped procrastinating and decided to dive in head-first by starting up my own bokashi experiment. I have written about bokashi quite a bit on the blog already, but realized that it would also be very beneficial to put together a bokashi resource page. This way if someone comes to the site looking for bokashi information, they can find a good overview here and get pointed in the right direction if they choose to dig a little deeper.
What Is Bokashi? | Why Bokashi? | Getting Started
Online Resources | Compost Guy Bokashi


What Is Bokashi?


Bokashi is a Japanese term meaning ‘fermented organic matter’. It is often referred to as a type of ‘composting’ but it is actually a anaerobic fermentation process, resulting in a much different end product than that produced via composting. Many people like bokashi because it is very easy, and generally (bad) odour-free. All that is needed is a bucket (with lid), some special bokashi mix, and of course some organic waste. This is a very basic overview – we’ll talk in much more detail about how to set up a bokashi bucket in the ‘Getting Started’section.


Why Bokashi?


There are a many good reasons for getting into the habit of NOT tossing your organic waste into the trash. As discussed on the Composting Basics page, organic waste makes up a considerable proportion of the total waste stream that ends up in the landfill (typically in the vicinity of 20-40%). This is unfortunate since, apart from needlessly taking up dwindling landfill space, these materials can easily be diverted and turned into a rich organic fertilizer (among other things). Let’s now look specifically at some of the pros and cons of bokashi:
    Advantages
  • It is really easy
  • It can be done on a small or large scale (so a good option for home owners)
  • It generally doesn’t produce bad odours (unlike a lot of anaerobic processes)
  • Produces a material that can be used as a ’slow-release’ fertilizer in your garden
  • Works great as a partner strategy to composting and vermicomposting
  • It can be used to deal with ALL kitchen wastes (even meat, dairy etc)
  • Admit it – just saying the word “Bokashi” is fun!!
  • 😆
    Disadvantages
  • You’ll need to make or purchase Bokashi mix
  • Need at least a couple buckets (assuming no other waste management strategies used) for continual Bokashi action
  • ‘Finished’ material is not really finished – still needs to be aged in soil or compost bin before beneficial for plants.
  • Even though it can be done on a small-scale, the end product needs to be put somewhere (ie. potential winter limitations).
As you can see, bokashi definitely has some great advantages, but there are also some important considerations to keep in mind. I personally like the idea of using bokashi as a partner strategy to various types of composting. The simple bucket system offers a hassle free way to quickly deal with food wastes, but it also serves as a great way to start the decomposition process – essentially preparing the materials for a much more rapid breakdown and stabilization in a compost/worm bin, or directly in your garden.


Getting Started With Bokashi


As discussed above, there are really only 3 important things needed to get started with bokashi – 1) Waste materials 2) A bokashi bucket and 3) Bokashi mix
Waste Materials – As I listed in the advantages of bokashi, you can add pretty well any type of food waste to a bokashi bucket. If you an are active composter you will likely know that there are some materials not recommended for a compost pile or worm bin – namely meats, oily foods and dairy. I’m still in the testing phase of this myself – I added some steak scraps and shrimp waste to one of my buckets and will be very curious to see how quickly these materials are broken down once they are added to an aerobic composting bin.
Bokashi Bucket – Experts typically recommend that you use a bucket with a spigot on it, so that you can drain the liquid that accumulates in the bottom as the waste materials decompose. Interestingly enough, some report that this liquid can be used as a plant fertilizer or even poured down your drain to eliminate odours. You can purchase complete bokashi kits (such as the one pictured to the right) if you want to do everything by the book. These commercially made buckets even have a false-bottom floor that keeps the waste materials separate from the leachate. For my preliminary bokashi experimentation I’ve simply been using regular plastic buckets with tight fitting lids. I added a layer shredded cardboard in the bottom to help prevent excess moisture from pooling. I would like to eventually purchase a bucket that has been designed specifically for bokashi, but for now my buckets seem t be working ok.
Bokashi Mix – The key component of a successful bokashi bucket is of course the bokashi mix – typically consisting of wheat bran inoculated with a special mixture of microbes, variously referred to as ‘effective microorganisms’, ‘friendly microorganisms’, or ‘efficient microorganisms’. The easiest (but most expensive) option is to purchase this mix ready-made – typically if you buy a bokashi kit it will include a bag of the microbial mix. If you are a more adventurous type you can also make it yourself. As I discovered, this is in fact much easier and enjoyable than it sounds, but thereare some important things to keep in mind. Making the mixture is very easy, but it’s the drying stage that may create some inconvenience for some people.
In hindsight I’m very glad I only ended up making a small amount (enough to fill two ziploc freezer bags), because the drying material took up a lot of space and it gave off a pretty powerful odour (I won’t say it was bad, but it was certainly…obvious)
While I suppose you don’t really have to dry the mixture out, this will definitely increase the shelf-life of the material – especially important if you are making large quantities.
In order to make the mix you will need some wheat bran, molasses, and some liquid microbial inoculum. Some suggest adding various other goodies as well (such as rock dust, kelp etc), but I decided to keep it simple and just go with the basics. Below is a great video from Neal ‘The Podchef’ Foley, from the Kitchen Garden Food Company. It demonstrates how to make the bokashi mix.
(I also provide links to some other helpful resources further down the page)
Bokashi ‘How-To’ – Once you have all of the 3 key components discussed above you are ready to get started. As mentioned, filling your bokashi bucket is incredibly easy. You simply add food scraps to your bucket, along with a handful of bokashi mix over top – that’s it! Continue doing this until you’ve filled the bucket completely. You may want to use a heavy plate of some sort to help press down the materials in the bucket. This will encourage the development of anaerobic conditions. I simply pressed the food down each time then put the lid on the bucket and everything seemed to work as claimed (i.e. no bad odours etc). Once your system is completely full, simply seal it up and let it sit for a couple of weeks so that it can further decompose. Any time after that you can dig the contents directly into your garden or add them to your compost pile or bins.

Cum să Facem Starterul Bokashi ( ser lactobacillus)

Cum să Facem Starterul Bokashi ( ser lactobacillus)

Despre Compostarea Bokashi nu am mai scris vreodata, este noutate pentru mine, dar sunt foarte incantata de multiplele utilizari ale acestuia, incat o sa o iau in serios.

Pentru compostarea Bokashi se utilizeaza un sistem de 2 galeti, dar vom ajunge si acolo, insa principalul ajutor este acest ser Lactobacillus care ajuta la o descompunere anaeroba si fara mirosuri neplacute. Cu ajutorul acestui ser, zahar si apa, se inmoaie ziare sau cartoane ca fiind purtatoare de inocul si acestea vor ajuta la descompunerea tuturor resturilor din bucatarie si producerea unui compost deoasebit.
Voi reveni cu amanunte, pana atunci ne pregatim serul. Odata pregatit putem sa ne facem propriile solutii fertilizatoare ” de acasa”( ex.solutia de peste, solutia pentru inflorire, compost din resturi menajere, compost din zat de cafea).
apa de orez

apa de orez strecurata
Pasul 1.
Se amesteca o parte orez si doua parti apa. Se agita energic si se scurge in alt vas. Lichidul ar trebui sa fie tulbure. Recipientul in care este pus lichidul ar trebuie sa fie 50-75% plin, deoarece are nevoie de spatiu sa fermenteze. Se acopera recipientul cu un tifon sau sita, lasand aerul sa circule. Se lasa sa stea la intuneric 5-8 zile. Lichidul trebuie sa aibe un miros usor acru. Se strecoara pentru a se elimina orice particule solide.
Pasul 2.
Punem solutia obtinuta intr-un recipient mai mare si se adauga 10 parti lapte. NU se sigileaza bine, pentru a lasa gazele sa iasa. Se lasa 14 zile pana deasupra recipientului se va forma un strat alb, mai gros( ca un fel de branza), lasand in partea de jos un lichid purificat. Acesta se extrage cu ajutorul unui furtunel.
Acum avem propriul Ser Lactobacillus.
Urmeaza update-uri cu poze si cu alte postari despre utilizarea serului.

Organic Bokashi Composting

How to Bake Ancient Roman Bread Dating Back to 79 AD: A Video Primer





How to Bake Ancient Roman Bread Dating Back to 79 AD: A Video Primer



Ecce panis—try your hand at the kind of loaf that Mel Brooks’ 2000-year-old manmight have sunk his teeth into. Literally.
In 1930 a loaf of bread dating to AD 79 (the year Vesuvius claimed two prosperous Roman towns) was excavated from the site of a bakery in Herculaneum.
Eighty-three years later, the British Museum invited London chef Giorgio Locatelli, above, to take a stab at creating an edible facsimile for its Pompeii Live exhibition.
The assignment wasn’t as easy as he’d anticipated, the telegenic chef confesses before whipping up a lovely brown miche that appears far more mouth watering than the carbonized round found in the Herculaneum oven.
His recipe could be mistaken for modern sourdough, but he also has a go at several details that speak to bread’s role in ancient Roman life:
Its perimeter has a cord baked in to provide for easy transport home. Most Roman homes were without ovens. Those who didn’t buy direct from a bakery took their dough to community ovens, where it was baked for them overnight.
The loaf was scored into eight wedges. This is true of the 80 loaves found in the ovens of the unfortunate baker, Modestus. Locatelli speculates that the wedges could be used as monetary units, but I suspect it’s more a business practice on par with pizza-by-the-slice.
(Nowadays, Roman pizza is sold by weight, but I digress.)
The crust bears a telltale stamp. Locatelli takes the opportunity to brand his with the logo of his Michelin-starred restaurant, Locanda Locatelli. His inspiration is stamped ‘Property of Celer, Slave of Q. Granius Verus.’ To me, this suggests the possibility that the bread was found in a communal oven.
Locatelli also introduces a Flintstonian vision when he alludes to specially-devised labor saving machines to which Roman bakers yoked “animals,” presumably donkeys…or knowing the Romans and their class system, slaves.
His published recipe (a variation of the one in the video) is below.  Here is aconversion chart for those unfamiliar with metric measurements.
INGREDIENTS
400g biga acida (sourdough)
12g yeast
18g gluten
24g salt
532g water
405g spelt flour
405g wholemeal flour
Melt the yeast into the water and add it into the biga. Mix and sieve the flours together with the gluten and add to the water mix. Mix for two minutes, add the salt and keep mixing for another three minutes. Make a round shape with it and leave to rest for one hour. Put some string around it to keep its shape during cooking. Make some cuts on top before cooking to help the bread rise in the oven and cook for 30–45 minutes at 200 degrees.
For an even more artisanal attempt (and extremely detailed instructions) check out the Artisan Pompeii Miche recipe on the Fresh Loaf bread enthusiast community.
True Roman bread for true Romans!
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Ayun Halliday is an author, illustrator, and Chief Primatologist of the East Village Inky zine. Follow her @AyunHalliday

source: http://www.openculture.com/2015/08/how-to-bake-ancient-roman-bread-dating-back-to-79-ad.html